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The economy of Manchester is amongst the largest in England. Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, Europe's 22nd largest metropolitan area. Manchester's commercial centre is in Manchester city centre, focused on Spinningfields, Mosley Street, Deansgate, King Street and Piccadilly. Historically, the world's first industrialised city,〔 • • 〕 the region was once in economic and population decline. In 2012 Greater Manchester South, which includes the cities of Manchester and Salford and three other metropolitan boroughs, was the largest NUTS3 area outside of London in economic terms, and growth was 3.8% vs the Core Cities average of 2%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/regional-accounts/regional-gross-value-added--income-approach-/december-2013/rft-nuts3.xls )〕 Between 2002 and 2012 Greater Manchester South grew 45% vs. national growth of 44%.〔(Leeds.gov.uk )〕 Meanwhile, the 2011 census also showed that Manchester was the fastest growing city in the UK in terms of population.〔http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/mro/news-release/census-result-shows-increase-in-population-of-london-as-it-tops-8-million/censuslondonnr0712.html〕 Manchester is also a city of contrast, where some of the UK's most deprived and most affluent neighbourhoods can be found.〔http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/500230/joint_strategic_needs_assessment/5683/south_manchester_living_in_the_area〕 According to the 2010 Indices of Multiple Deprivation Manchester is the 4th most deprived local authority in the England.〔https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6884/1871689.xls〕 On the other hand, Greater Manchester is home to more multi-millionaires than anywhere outside London, with the City of Manchester taking up most of the tally.〔http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/boom-city-manchester-has-more-super-rich-695230〕 In 2013 Manchester was ranked 6th in the UK for quality of life, according to a rating of the UK's 12 largest cities.〔(), Opinium Research LLP on behalf of MoneySupermarket〕 Manchester is considered to be a 'beta' global city, rated as the second most globally influential city in the UK after London.〔(), GaWC study〕 The region is now an economic knowledge-led centre, with research and enterprise clustered around the University of Manchester,〔(), See page 136〕 where research ranked as the third most powerful in the UK behind Cambridge and Oxford.〔http://www.manchester.ac.uk/postgraduate/taughtdegrees/whytaught/rankingsandreputation/〕 Typical industry areas include: digital and creative, financial, legal and business services, biotechnology, advanced manufacturing, environmental technologies, tourism, global sports brands, media and real estate. The city is also a key location for many foreign owned companies and headquarters, and almost half of the Northwest's Top 500 businesses,.〔(), Manchester.gov.uk.〕Manchester City Council also plays a uniquely active role in business, where it owns key infrastructures such as a 35.5% stake in Manchester Airports Group, which owns other UK airports such as London Stansted Airport, and is the owner of the City of Manchester Stadium, home to one of the world's highest earning football clubs. ==Economic indices== Below is a collection of economic indices featuring Manchester. It is important to remember that while useful, surveys and indicators have limitations, and are at times subjective and incomplete. For example, no complete list of factors affecting quality of life can be created, and the way people weight these factors differs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of Manchester」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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